淺談長毛兔飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)
發(fā)布日期：2025-10-29
來源：http://www.wmsj08.com 發(fā)布人：創(chuàng)始人
、合理選址兔場選址時要考慮長毛兔的生活習(xí)性，通常將兔場設(shè)在地勢較高、氣候干燥、背坡向陽的山區(qū)與丘陵地帶，遠(yuǎn)離交通主干道。兔舍可采用磚砌墻配合水泥地面建造，兔舍窗戶與地面的面積比控制在1∶8左右，窗臺距離地面高度和舍門寬度均設(shè)為1米；舍頂可采用雙坡式結(jié)構(gòu)，用水泥、瓦片、秸稈等材料建造，并根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件選擇保溫板扣在舍頂。需要注意的是，應(yīng)落實兔場內(nèi)部的分區(qū)管理，按照生產(chǎn)區(qū)、生活區(qū)、隔離區(qū)等模塊進(jìn)行區(qū)域劃分，限度降低疾病傳播的概率。
When selecting a reasonable location for a rabbit farm, consideration should be given to the living habits of long haired rabbits. Usually, the rabbit farm is located in mountainous and hilly areas with higher terrain, dry climate, and sunny slopes, away from major transportation arteries. Rabbit houses can be built with brick walls and cement floors. The area ratio of rabbit house windows to the ground is controlled at around 1:8, and the height of the window sill from the ground and the width of the house door are both set at 1 meter; The roof can adopt a double slope structure, constructed with materials such as cement, tiles, straw, etc., and insulation boards can be selected to be fastened to the roof according to local climate conditions. It should be noted that the internal zoning management of the rabbit farm should be implemented, and the areas should be divided according to modules such as production areas, living areas, and isolation areas to minimize the probability of disease transmission.
???日常飼養(yǎng)管理長毛兔日常飼養(yǎng)管理需考慮氣候氣溫條件，通常冬季與春季晝夜溫差較大，氣候干燥、風(fēng)力較強(qiáng)，飼養(yǎng)管理不當(dāng)將嚴(yán)重影響當(dāng)年的兔毛產(chǎn)量，同時長毛兔的食欲、糞便形狀等都會昭示出兔的健康狀況，需在日常飼養(yǎng)過程中注意觀察。長毛兔飼料選擇上，應(yīng)根據(jù)其飲食偏好選取胡蘿卜、谷芽、麥芽等，配合少量食用糖、植物油等增加飼料的適口性。同時，注重嚴(yán)格把控飼料質(zhì)檢環(huán)節(jié)，杜絕喂食露水草、發(fā)霉或帶有異味的飼料、含有泥沙的飼料。由于長毛兔生長對硫元素需求量較大，因此飼料中還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意添加硫酸鋅，硫酸鋅可促長毛兔多產(chǎn)毛，硫酸鋅中的微量元素鋅還能直接參與動植物體內(nèi)生長素的合成。為實現(xiàn)長毛兔穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、高產(chǎn)的飼養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，還需注重飼料的穩(wěn)定性，避免中途更換飼料配方。
??? Daily feeding and management of long haired rabbits should consider climate and temperature conditions. Usually, there is a large temperature difference between day and night in winter and spring, and the climate is dry and the wind is strong. Improper feeding and management will seriously affect the rabbit hair production of the year. At the same time, the appetite and fecal shape of long haired rabbits can indicate their health status, and attention should be paid to observation during daily feeding. When choosing feed for long haired rabbits, carrots, malt, and other grains should be selected according to their dietary preferences, and a small amount of edible sugar, vegetable oil, etc. should be added to increase the palatability of the feed. At the same time, it is important to strictly control the quality inspection process of feed, and to prevent the feeding of dew grass, moldy or odorous feed, and feed containing sediment. Due to the high demand for sulfur in the growth of long haired rabbits, attention should also be paid to adding zinc sulfate to the feed. Zinc sulfate can promote the production of more hair in long haired rabbits, and the trace element zinc in zinc sulfate can directly participate in the synthesis of auxin in animals and plants. To achieve the goal of stable and high production of long haired rabbits, it is also necessary to pay attention to the stability of the feed and avoid changing the feed formula midway.
???適時配種
??? Timely mating
春季與冬季是適宜長毛兔仔兔生長的季節(jié)，仔兔增重快、成活率高。初春時節(jié)要做好準(zhǔn)備工作，爭取實現(xiàn)春繁三胎仔兔的目標(biāo)。在進(jìn)行種兔選擇時應(yīng)當(dāng)為配種旺季做好儲備，種公兔與種母兔比例控制在1∶10左右，配種頻次控制在2次/日以內(nèi)。當(dāng)進(jìn)入到夏季時，仔兔已成長為青年兔，此時長毛兔對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力與身體抵抗力顯著增強(qiáng)，為日后繁殖擴(kuò)群與采毛打下良好基礎(chǔ)。種兔宜選擇體型較大、毛質(zhì)緊密、健康的成年兔并單獨喂養(yǎng)，在飼料中加入20克胡蘿卜、5毫克維生素E，促進(jìn)種兔生殖系統(tǒng)發(fā)育。需要注意的是，配種期間應(yīng)將種公兔與種母兔生殖器附近的毛發(fā)干凈，以免造成生殖器發(fā)炎；配種期間要確保公兔和母兔保持足夠的運動量、曬足陽光，并在日糧中增添青綠飼料；可將麥麩、魚粉等加入公兔飼料中，馬鈴薯、白菜等加入到母兔飼料中，以保障種兔營養(yǎng)充足。當(dāng)公兔與母兔完成次交配后，可在8～10小時后進(jìn)行復(fù)配，以保障母兔輸卵管內(nèi)保存較強(qiáng)活力的精子，增加卵子受胎機(jī)會，提高母兔受胎率與產(chǎn)仔率。
Spring and winter are the best seasons for the growth of long haired rabbit offspring, with fast weight gain and high survival rate. In early spring, it is important to prepare well and strive to achieve the goal of having three high-quality offspring rabbits in spring. When selecting rabbits for breeding, reserves should be made for the peak breeding season. The ratio of male rabbits to female rabbits should be controlled at around 1:10, and the breeding frequency should be controlled within 2 times per day. When it enters summer, the young rabbits have grown into young rabbits, and at this time, the adaptability and physical resistance of the long haired rabbits to the environment are significantly enhanced, laying a good foundation for future breeding and wool collection. It is advisable to choose adult rabbits with larger body size, dense fur, and health, and feed them separately. Adding 20 grams of carrots and 5 milligrams of vitamin E to the feed can promote the development of the reproductive system of breeding rabbits. It should be noted that during mating, the hair near the reproductive organs of male and female rabbits should be cleaned thoroughly to avoid inflammation of the reproductive organs; During the mating period, it is important to ensure that both male and female rabbits maintain sufficient physical activity, get enough sunlight, and add green feed to their diet; Wheat bran, fish meal, etc. can be added to male rabbit feed, while potatoes, cabbage, etc. can be added to female rabbit feed to ensure sufficient nutrition for breeding rabbits. After the first mating between male and female rabbits, they can be compounded 8-10 hours later to ensure the preservation of strong vitality sperm in the female rabbit's fallopian tubes, increase the chance of egg conception, and improve the female rabbit's conception and litter rate.
???科學(xué)采毛
??? Scientific hair harvesting
?、偈崦?。梳毛的目的是防止兔毛纏結(jié)，提高兔毛質(zhì)量，也是一種積少成多收集兔毛的方法。一般仔兔斷奶后即應(yīng)開始梳毛。梳毛一般采用金屬梳或木梳。梳毛順序是先頸后及兩肩，再梳理背部、體側(cè)、臀部、尾部及后肢，然后提起頸部皮膚依次梳理前胸、腹部、大腿兩側(cè)，梳理額、頰及耳毛。在梳毛過程中如果遇到難以撕開的結(jié)塊毛時可將其剪掉，并在間隔10～15日后再次進(jìn)行梳毛。②剪毛與拔毛。長毛兔的采毛方法主要有拔毛與剪毛2種，不同種類的長毛兔，采用的采毛方法也不同，粗毛型兔宜采用手拔毛，絨毛型兔則以剪毛方式為好。長毛兔必須達(dá)到3月齡才可拔毛，拔毛前10天應(yīng)加強(qiáng)營養(yǎng)，多喂些蛋白質(zhì)含量高的精飼料，以增加毛的油潤程度。強(qiáng)壯的成年兔，每月拔1次，拔長留短。孕兔可在分娩前7天，或產(chǎn)后10天拔毛，哺乳母兔不能采拔腹部的毛。
① Combing hair. The purpose of combing rabbit hair is to prevent tangling, improve the quality of rabbit hair, and is also a method of collecting rabbit hair by accumulating small amounts. Generally, newborn rabbits should start grooming their fur immediately after weaning. Generally, metal combs or wooden combs are used for combing hair. The combing sequence is from the neck to the shoulders, followed by combing the back, sides, buttocks, tail, and hind limbs. Then, lift the neck skin and comb the chest, abdomen, and thighs in sequence. Finally, comb the hair on the forehead, cheeks, and ears. If you encounter clumped hair that is difficult to remove during the combing process, you can cut it off and comb it again after an interval of 10-15 days. ② Trimming and plucking hair. There are two main methods for collecting fur for long haired rabbits: plucking and shearing. Different types of long haired rabbits use different methods for hair collection. For coarse haired rabbits, hand plucking is recommended, while shearing is preferred for fluffy rabbits. Long haired rabbits must reach 3 months of age before their fur can be pulled out. 10 days before pulling out their fur, they should strengthen their nutrition and be fed more protein rich concentrated feed to increase the oiliness of their fur. Strong adult rabbits should be pulled once a month, with the long ones pulled and the short ones kept. Pregnant rabbits can have their fur removed 7 days before delivery or 10 days after delivery, while lactating female rabbits cannot have their abdominal fur removed.
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